--- title: Sharks and rays are cousins: both have skeletons of cartilage, the b… — The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays · tree and pragmatics description: Sharks and rays are cousins: both have skeletons of cartilage, the bendy stuff in your ear, and a ray is really a shark flattened out for life on the sea floor. Who acts: Sharks, both, ray. A sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/) / 2 # The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 2 Sharks and rays are cousins: both have skeletons of cartilage, the bendy stuff in your ear, and a ray is really a shark flattened out for life on the sea floor. **Who acts:** Sharks, both, ray · **What happens:** be, have, flatten out · **To what, where:** cousins, skeletons, shark, sea floor This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sharks, both, ray), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:2 # text = Sharks and rays are cousins: both have skeletons of cartilage, the bendy stuff in your ear, and a ray is really a shark flattened out for life on the sea floor. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 8 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:advmod 8 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 9 skeletons skeleton NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 cartilage cartilage NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 bendy bendy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 stuff stuff NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 ear ear NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 ray ray NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 24 really really ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 shark shark NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 27 flattened flatten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 acl _ _ 28 out out ADP RP _ 27 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 29 for for ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 31 on on ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 floor floor NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Sharks and rays | cousins and a shark | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | present | both | skeletons of cartilage and the bendy stuff in your ear | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient | | 3 | **is a** | present | a ray | a shark | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **flatten out** | participle | | a shark *not said here* | | the sea floor | | for life | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/1/) - next →: [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/)