--- title: An octopus has no bones, and its beak is its only hard part, so it c… — The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars an… · tree and pragmatics description: An octopus has no bones, and its beak is its only hard part, so it can squeeze through any hole bigger than the beak; octopuses have escaped from aquarium tanks. Who acts: octopus, beak, octopuses. A sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep sea» of the biolo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, se…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/) / 8 # The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep sea, sentence 8 An octopus has no bones, and its beak is its only hard part, so it can squeeze through any hole bigger than the beak; octopuses have escaped from aquarium tanks. **Who acts:** octopus, beak, octopuses · **What happens:** have, be, squeeze, escape · **To what, where:** bones, hard part, hole, aquarium tanks This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep sea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (octopus, beak, octopuses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:092-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea.lesson:8 # text = An octopus has no bones, and its beak is its only hard part, so it can squeeze through any hole bigger than the beak; octopuses have escaped from aquarium tanks. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 092-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 octopus octopus NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 5 det _ _ 5 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 8 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 11 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 12 only only ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 so so ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 squeeze squeeze VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 advcl _ _ 20 through through ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 22 det _ _ 22 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 22 amod _ _ 24 than than ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 octopuses octopus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 29 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 escaped escape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 31 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 aquarium aquarium NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 tanks tank NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a octopus | no bones | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient | | 2 | **is a** | present | stage's beak | stage's hard part | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **squeeze** | can | beak | | | any hole | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through hole=Trajectory | | 4 | **escape** | present · perfect | octopuses | | | aquarium tanks | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from tank=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:092-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, se…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/7/) - next →: [The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, se…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/)