--- title: Hummingbirds beat their wings up to about 80 times a second, can fly… — The aviary: the walk-through tropical house · tree and pragmatics description: Hummingbirds beat their wings up to about 80 times a second, can fly backwards, drink nectar many times an hour because hovering burns so much energy, and save energy at night in a deep sleep called torpor. Who acts: Hummingbirds, deep sleep. A sentence of the lesson «The aviary: the walk-through tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/93-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The aviary: the walk-through tropical…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/93-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house/) / 7 # The aviary: the walk-through tropical house, sentence 7 Hummingbirds beat their wings up to about 80 times a second, can fly backwards, drink nectar many times an hour because hovering burns so much energy, and save energy at night in a deep sleep called torpor. **Who acts:** Hummingbirds, deep sleep · **What happens:** beat up, fly, drink, hover, burn, save · **To what, where:** wings, nectar, much energy, energy, deep sleep, torpor · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The aviary: the walk-through tropical house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hummingbirds, deep sleep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:093-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house.lesson:7 # text = Hummingbirds beat their wings up to about 80 times a second, can fly backwards, drink nectar many times an hour because hovering burns so much energy, and save energy at night in a deep sleep called torpor. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 093-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Hummingbirds hummingbird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 beat beat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 about about ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 80 80 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=2:punct 13 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 15 backwards backwards ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 17 drink drink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 18 nectar nectar NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 21 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod:unmarked _ _ 23 because because SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 24 hovering hover VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 25 nsubj _ _ 25 burns burn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 28 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=2:punct 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 32 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 33 at at ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:nmod 35 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 37 deep deep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 sleep sleep NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 39 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 acl _ _ 40 torpor torpor NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 xcomp _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **beat up** | present | Hummingbirds | hummingbirds's wings | | | time | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme | | 2 | **fly** | can | Hummingbirds *not said here* | | | | | backwards *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **drink** | infinitive | Hummingbirds *not said here* | nectar | | | time | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nectar=Patient | | 4 | **hover** | gerund | | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **burn** | present | | much energy | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | | 6 | **save** | infinitive | Hummingbirds *not said here* | energy | | a deep sleep | night | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | | 7 | **call** | participle | a deep sleep *not said here* | torpor | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:093-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The aviary: the walk-through tropical…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/93-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house/6/) - next →: [The aviary: the walk-through tropical…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/93-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/93-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house/)