--- title: Bats are the only mammals that truly fly; many small bats find insec… — The nocturnal house: night animals by red light · tree and pragmatics description: Bats are the only mammals that truly fly; many small bats find insects by echolocation, sending out clicks and listening for echoes, and bats are not blind. Who acts: Bats, only mammals, many small bats, insects. A sentence of the lesson «The nocturnal house: night animals by red light» of the biolo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The nocturnal house: night animals by…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/) / 10 # The nocturnal house: night animals by red light, sentence 10 Bats are the only mammals that truly fly; many small bats find insects by echolocation, sending out clicks and listening for echoes, and bats are not blind. **Who acts:** Bats, only mammals, many small bats, insects · **What happens:** be, fly, find, send out, listen, not be · **To what, where:** only mammals, insects, clicks This is a sentence of the lesson «The nocturnal house: night animals by red light» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, only mammals, many small bats, insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:095-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light.lesson:10 # text = Bats are the only mammals that truly fly; many small bats find insects by echolocation, sending out clicks and listening for echoes, and bats are not blind. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 095-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 7 truly truly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 fly fly VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 14 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:nmod 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 sending send VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 xcomp _ _ 19 out out ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 clicks click NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 listening listen VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 conj _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 28 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 29 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 30 advmod _ _ 30 blind blind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Bats | the only mammals | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **fly** | present | the only mammals | | | | | truly *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **find** | present | many small bats | insects | | | | by echolocation | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent insect=Attribute clause=Theme | | 4 | **send out** | gerund | insects *not said here* | clicks | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Theme | | 5 | **listen** | gerund | insects *not said here* | | | | | for echoes | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme | | 6 | **not** **is** | present | bats | | | | | blind *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:095-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The nocturnal house: night animals by…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/9/) - next →: [The nocturnal house: night animals by…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/95-the-nocturnal-house-night-animals-by-red-light/)