---
title: Monarchs taste bad to birds because their caterpillars eat poisonous… — The butterfly house · tree and pragmatics
description: Monarchs taste bad to birds because their caterpillars eat poisonous milkweed. Who acts: Monarchs, caterpillars. A sentence of the lesson «The butterfly house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The butterfly house, sentence 14

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Monarchs taste bad to birds because their caterpillars eat poisonous milkweed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Monarchs, caterpillars · **What happens:** taste, eat · **To what, where:** poisonous milkweed

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The butterfly house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Monarchs, caterpillars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:098-the-butterfly-house.lesson:14
# text = Monarchs taste bad to birds because their caterpillars eat poisonous milkweed.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 098-the-butterfly-house.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Monarchs	monarch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	taste	taste	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	caterpillars	caterpillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
10	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	milkweed	milkweed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | present | Monarchs |  |  |  |  | to birds; bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to bird=Experiencer |
| 2 | **eat** | present | Monarchs's caterpillars | poisonous milkweed |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milkweed=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:098-the-butterfly-house.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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