--- title: Butterfly wings are covered in tiny scales that rub off easily, and… — The butterfly house · tree and pragmatics description: Butterfly wings are covered in tiny scales that rub off easily, and losing many can make flying harder; Lepidoptera, the name for butterflies and moths, means «scaly wings». Who acts: tiny scales, losing, Lepidoptera. A sentence of the lesson «The butterfly house» of the biology course of Mova's pri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/98-the-butterfly-house/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The butterfly house](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/98-the-butterfly-house/) / 7 # The butterfly house, sentence 7 Butterfly wings are covered in tiny scales that rub off easily, and losing many can make flying harder; Lepidoptera, the name for butterflies and moths, means «scaly wings». **Who acts:** tiny scales, losing, Lepidoptera · **What happens:** cover, rub off, lose, make, fly, means · **To what, where:** Butterfly wings, many, scaly wings This is a sentence of the lesson «The butterfly house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tiny scales, losing, Lepidoptera), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:098-the-butterfly-house.lesson:7 # text = Butterfly wings are covered in tiny scales that rub off easily, and losing many can make flying harder; Lepidoptera, the name for butterflies and moths, means «scaly wings». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 098-the-butterfly-house.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Butterfly butterfly NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 rub rub VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 off off ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 11 easily easily ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 14 losing lose VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 17 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:nsubj 15 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 obj _ _ 16 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 18 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 xcomp _ _ 19 harder hard ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 18 advmod _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 name name NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 appos _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 butterflies butterfly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nmod _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 means means VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 31 « « PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ _ 32 scaly scaly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 34 » » PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=30:punct 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cover** | present · passive | | Butterfly wings | | | | in tiny scales | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme | | 2 | **rub off** | present | tiny scales | | | | | easily *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **lose** | gerund | | many | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Eventuality | | 4 | **make** | can | losing | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **fly** | gerund | losing *not said here* | | | | | hard *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **means** | present | Lepidoptera | scaly wings | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:098-the-butterfly-house.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The butterfly house, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/98-the-butterfly-house/6/) - next →: [The butterfly house, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/98-the-butterfly-house/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/98-the-butterfly-house/)