--- title: The penguin pool — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «The penguin pool», a lesson of the biology course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: On land penguins waddle like clumsy toys, but the moment they dive they shoot through the water like torpedoes, because their wings have become stiff fli --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / The penguin pool # The penguin pool Lesson 99 of the biology course of Mova's primary school: 16 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/0/) — On land penguins waddle like clumsy toys, but the moment they dive they shoot through the water like torpedoes, because their wings have become stiff flippers and their bodies are built for swimming. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/1/) — Not every penguin lives on ice: the penguins in many zoos come from warm coasts in South America and South Africa, where cold sea currents bring plenty of fish. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/2/) — A penguin's body is full of clever tricks: a black back and white belly to hide in the sea, feet that stay just above freezing, and a gland that sneezes out extra salt. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/3/) — Cartoons and Christmas cards put penguins next to polar bears, but the two never meet, because penguins live in the south and polar bears in the far north. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/6/) — Humboldt penguins live on the coasts of Peru and Chile, African penguins in South Africa, and the Galapagos penguin almost on the equator. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/7/) — Polar bears live only around the North Pole and penguins almost only in the southern half of the world, so they never meet in the wild. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/8/) — Keepers hand-feed penguins to know how much fish each eats, tell them apart by coloured flipper bands, and sometimes hide vitamin pills in the fish. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/9/) — Penguins are countershaded: from above the black back blends with the dark sea, and from below the white belly blends with the bright surface. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/10/) — Warm blood flowing to a penguin's feet passes cold blood coming back and warms it, so its feet stay just above freezing and little heat is lost. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/11/) — Penguins also keep warm with a thick layer of fat and tightly packed waterproof feathers. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/12/) — Adelie and gentoo penguins build nests of pebbles that keep eggs out of meltwater and mud; bare stones are scarce there, and they sometimes steal pebbles from their neighbours. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/13/) — Emperor penguin fathers keep the egg on their feet under a fold of skin for about two months of dark winter without eating, huddling and taking turns in the warm middle; emperor penguins find their partners and chicks by their calls. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/14/) — A gland above a penguin's eyes removes extra salt from its blood, and the salty drips run out of its beak; albatrosses and gulls have the same gland, but people do not, so drinking seawater makes a person thirstier and ill. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/15/) — Once a year penguins moult all their feathers in a few weeks; they cannot swim or eat then, so they fatten up beforehand and look scruffy. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/16/) — Many penguins are threatened by overfishing, oil spills, which make feathers lose their waterproofing, and warming seas; after a 2000 oil spill in South Africa, volunteers cleaned about 20 000 penguins. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/17/) — The penguins in Madagascar are four, but real penguins live in big colonies, sometimes of thousands. - ← previous: [The butterfly house](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/98-the-butterfly-house/) - next →: [Sea lions, seals and otters](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/100-sea-lions-seals-and-otters/) - ↑ back to [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/)