--- title: Many penguins are threatened by overfishing, oil spills, which make… — The penguin pool · tree and pragmatics description: Many penguins are threatened by overfishing, oil spills, which make feathers lose their waterproofing, and warming seas; after a 2000 oil spill in South Africa, volunteers cleaned about 20 000 penguins. Who acts: overfishing, oil spills, feathers, volunteers. A sentence of the lesson «The penguin po --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The penguin pool](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/) / 16 # The penguin pool, sentence 16 Many penguins are threatened by overfishing, oil spills, which make feathers lose their waterproofing, and warming seas; after a 2000 oil spill in South Africa, volunteers cleaned about 20 000 penguins. **Who acts:** overfishing, oil spills, feathers, volunteers, penguins · **What happens:** threaten, make, lose, warm, clean, waterproof · **To what, where:** Many penguins, waterproofing, seas, 20 penguins This is a sentence of the lesson «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (overfishing, oil spills, feathers, volunteers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:099-the-penguin-pool.lesson:16 # text = Many penguins are threatened by overfishing, oil spills, which make feathers lose their waterproofing, and warming seas; after a 2000 oil spill in South Africa, volunteers cleaned about 20 000 penguins. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 099-the-penguin-pool.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 penguins penguin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 threatened threaten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 overfishing overfish NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 oil oil NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 spills spill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 13 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:ccomp 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 waterproofing waterproofing NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 19 warming warm VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 conj _ _ 20 seas sea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 22 after after ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 24 2000 2000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 compound _ _ 25 oil oil NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 spill spill NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 31 volunteers volunteer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 cleaned clean VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 33 about about ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 36 nummod _ _ 35 000 000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 34 flat _ _ 36 penguins penguin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **threaten** | present · passive | overfishing and oil spills | Many penguins | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | | 2 | **make** | present | oil spills | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **lose** | present | feathers | penguins's waterproofing | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent waterproofing=Eventuality | | 4 | **warm** | gerund | overfishing and oil spills *not said here* | seas | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sea=Patient | | 5 | **clean** | past | volunteers | 20 penguins | | | after a 2000 oil spill in South Africa | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent penguin=Patient | | 6 | **waterproof** | | penguins *= penguin* | | | | | | nom waterproofing «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:099-the-penguin-pool.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The penguin pool, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/15/) - next →: [The penguin pool, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/)