---
title: The Rat chirrups, and up climbs the Otter, shaking himself and grumb… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 3: The… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Rat chirrups, and up climbs the Otter, shaking himself and grumbling «Greedy beggars! Who acts: Otter. A sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 3: The River Bank (the Otter, a glimpse of Badger, and Toad in his new boat)» of the books course of Mova's primary school wit
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/27-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad/1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, pa…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/27-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad/) / 1

# The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 3: The River Bank (the Otter, a glimpse of Badger, and Toad in his new boat), sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rat chirrups, and up climbs the Otter, shaking himself and grumbling «Greedy beggars!

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Otter · **What happens:** chirrup, climb, shake, grumble · **To what, where:** Otter, Greedy beggars

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 3: The River Bank (the Otter, a glimpse of Badger, and Toad in his new boat)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Otter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:books:027-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad.lesson:1
# text = The Rat chirrups, and up climbs the Otter, shaking himself and grumbling «Greedy beggars!
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = books
# lesson = 027-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chirrups	chirrup	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	up	up	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	climbs	climb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Otter	Otter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	shaking	shake	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:acl
12	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	grumbling	grumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	conj	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
16	Greedy	greedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	beggars	beggar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: exclamation
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chirrup** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **climb** | present | the Otter |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **shake** | gerund | the Otter *not said here* | Otter |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 4 | **grumble** *speech: other* | gerund | the Otter *not said here* | Greedy beggars |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beggar=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:027-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, pa…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/27-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad/0/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, pa…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/27-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad/2/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/27-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad/)