--- title: The Rat had been «swimming in the river, in company with his friends… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The… · tree and pragmatics description: The Rat had been «swimming in the river, in company with his friends the ducks»; when the ducks stood on their heads he would «dive down and tickle their necks, just under where their chins would be if ducks had chins». Who acts: Rat, ducks. A sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/) / 14 # The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The Open Road (the Ducks' Ditty, and a visit to Toad Hall), sentence 14 The Rat had been «swimming in the river, in company with his friends the ducks»; when the ducks stood on their heads he would «dive down and tickle their necks, just under where their chins would be if ducks had chins». **Who acts:** Rat, ducks · **What happens:** swim, stand, dive down, tickle, be · **To what, where:** river, heads, necks, chins This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The Open Road (the Ducks' Ditty, and a visit to Toad Hall)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rat, ducks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:029-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall.lesson:14 # text = The Rat had been «swimming in the river, in company with his friends the ducks»; when the ducks stood on their heads he would «dive down and tickle their necks, just under where their chins would be if ducks had chins». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 029-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Rat Rat PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 4 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 6 aux _ _ 5 « « PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 6 swimming swim VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 company company NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 13 with with ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 ducks duck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:conj 18 » » PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 20 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 23 advmod _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 ducks duck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 advcl _ _ 24 on on ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 28 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 29 « « PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 30 dive dive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 31 down down ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADP:RP:_ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 tickle tickle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 conj _ _ 34 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 necks neck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 just just ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 38 under under ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 33 advcl _ _ 40 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 chins chin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 42 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 43 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 46 cop _ _ 44 if if SCONJ IN _ 46 mark _ _ 45 ducks duck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nsubj _ _ 46 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 acl:relcl _ _ 47 chins chin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obj _ _ 48 » » PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=46:punct 49 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swim** *in a quote* | past · perfect · progressive | the Rat | | | the river | | in company with Rat's friends | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Trajectory | | 2 | **stand** | past | the ducks | | | ducks's heads | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on head=Location | | 3 | **dive down** *in a quote* | would | Rat | | | | | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 4 | **tickle** *in a quote* | infinitive | Rat *not said here* | ducks's necks | | | | | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Experiencer | | 5 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | would | ducks | ducks's chins *not said here* | | | | have *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:029-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/12/) - next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, p…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/)