---
title: Badger asks «Smashes, or machines?» The Rat: «it's the same thing—wi… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr.… · tree and pragmatics
description: Badger asks «Smashes, or machines?» The Rat: «it's the same thing—with Toad. Who acts: Badger, skin. A sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs)» of the books course of Mova's primary school with its d
---

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# The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs), sentence 19

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Badger asks «Smashes, or machines?» The Rat: «it's the same thing—with Toad.

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**Who acts:** Badger, skin · **What happens:** ask, be · **To what, where:** Smashes, same thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Badger, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:books:038-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs.lesson:19
# text = Badger asks «Smashes, or machines?» The Rat: «it's the same thing—with Toad.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = books
# lesson = 038-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Badger	badger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Smashes	smash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
15	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | Badger | Smashes  the Rat or machines |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent smash=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | skin | the same thing |  |  |  | with Toad | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:038-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs.lesson:19`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/18/)
- next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/20/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/)