--- title: First it was «all down, down, down, gradually—ruin and levelling and… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 4: Mr.… · tree and pragmatics description: First it was «all down, down, down, gradually—ruin and levelling and disappearance», then «all up, up, up», as seeds grew to saplings and saplings to trees, and leaf-mould and sand covered the stones. Who acts: city, all, leaf mould. A sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, par --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/40-willows-ch4-part4-the-city-under-the-wood/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/40-willows-ch4-part4-the-city-under-the-wood/) / 22 # The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 4: Mr. Badger (the city under the Wild Wood, and the way home), sentence 22 First it was «all down, down, down, gradually—ruin and levelling and disappearance», then «all up, up, up», as seeds grew to saplings and saplings to trees, and leaf-mould and sand covered the stones. **Who acts:** city, all, leaf mould · **What happens:** be, grow, cover · **To what, where:** stones This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 4: Mr. Badger (the city under the Wild Wood, and the way home)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, all, leaf mould), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:040-willows-ch4-part4-the-city-under-the-wood.lesson:22 # text = First it was «all down, down, down, gradually—ruin and levelling and disappearance», then «all up, up, up», as seeds grew to saplings and saplings to trees, and leaf-mould and sand covered the stones. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 040-willows-ch4-part4-the-city-under-the-wood.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 First first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 6 advmod _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 « « PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 5 all all ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:det|HaikuPos=DET:DT:PronType=Tot 6 down down ADV RB _ 0 root _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=6:punct 8 down down ADV RB _ 6 conj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 down down ADV RB _ 6 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=8:conj 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 gradually gradually ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 13 — — PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 14 ruin ruin NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 levelling levelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 disappearance disappearance NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 19 » » PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 21 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 33 advmod _ _ 22 « « PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 23 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 33 nsubj _ _ 24 up up ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 26 up up INTJ UH _ 32 discourse _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 28 up up ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 29 » » PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 31 as as SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 32 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 34 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 saplings sapling NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 saplings sapling NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 conj _ _ 38 to to ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nmod _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 42 leaf leaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 compound _ _ 43 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 42 punct _ _ 44 mould mould NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 46 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 conj _ _ 47 covered cover VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 conj _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 obj _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** *in a quote* | past | city | | | | | all, down, first *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **grow** | past | all | | | | then | to saplings and saplings to trees | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **cover** | past | leaf mould and sand | the stones | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stone=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:040-willows-ch4-part4-the-city-under-the-wood.lesson:22`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/40-willows-ch4-part4-the-city-under-the-wood/20/) - next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, p…, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/40-willows-ch4-part4-the-city-under-the-wood/23/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/40-willows-ch4-part4-the-city-under-the-wood/)