--- title: He laughs for the first time since prison, but soon he remembers it… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: T… · tree and pragmatics description: He laughs for the first time since prison, but soon he remembers it is late, he has no money and no supper, and the wood is cold, dark and unfriendly: night-jars rattle, an owl brushes his shoulder, a fox teases him about missing socks, and at last he makes a bed of leaves in a hollow tree and sleep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/55-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/55-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel/) / 4 # The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adventures (the chase, the tunnel and the night wood), sentence 4 He laughs for the first time since prison, but soon he remembers it is late, he has no money and no supper, and the wood is cold, dark and unfriendly: night-jars rattle, an owl brushes his shoulder, a fox teases him about missing socks, and at last he makes a bed of leaves in a hollow tree and sleeps till morning. **Who acts:** driver, prison, wood, night jars, owl, fox · **What happens:** laugh, remember, be, have, rattle, brush · **To what, where:** money, shoulder, driver, bed, last · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adventures (the chase, the tunnel and the night wood)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (driver, prison, wood, night jars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:055-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel.lesson:4 # text = He laughs for the first time since prison, but soon he remembers it is late, he has no money and no supper, and the wood is cold, dark and unfriendly: night-jars rattle, an owl brushes his shoulder, a fox teases him about missing socks, and at last he makes a bed of leaves in a hollow tree and sleeps till morning. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 055-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 laughs laugh VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 6 amod _ _ 6 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 since since ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 prison prison NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 10 but but CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 11 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 13 advmod _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 remembers remember VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 advcl _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 16 late late ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 ccomp _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct 18 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 20 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 21 det _ _ 21 money money NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 24 det _ _ 24 supper supper NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 30 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 parataxis _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 conj _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 unfriendly unfriendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 conj _ _ 35 : : PUNCT : _ 39 punct _ _ 36 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 37 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 36 punct _ _ 38 jars jar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 39 rattle rattle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 41 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=43:det 42 owl owl NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 43 brushes brush VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 parataxis _ _ 44 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ _ 45 shoulder shoulder NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 47 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 fox fox NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 nsubj _ _ 49 teases tease VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 parataxis _ _ 50 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 obj _ _ 51 about about ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 52 missing missing ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 53 amod _ _ 53 socks sock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 obl _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 59 punct _ _ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 59 cc _ _ 56 at at ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 last last NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 obl _ _ 58 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 59 nsubj _ _ 59 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 49 conj _ _ 60 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 61 bed bed NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 obj _ _ 62 of of ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 63 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 61 nmod _ _ 64 in in ADP IN _ 67 case _ _ 65 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 66 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 67 amod _ _ 67 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 obl _ _ 68 and and CCONJ CC _ 69 cc _ _ 69 sleeps sleep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 59 conj _ _ 70 till till ADP IN _ 71 case _ _ 71 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 69 obl _ _ 72 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **laugh** | present | driver | | | | time | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **remember** | present | driver | | | | | soon *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | present | prison | | | | | late *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **have** | present | driver | no money and no supper | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | the wood | | | | | cold *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **be** | | the wood *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **be** | | the wood *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **rattle** | present | night jars | | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **brush** | present | a owl | driver's shoulder | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shoulder=Theme | | 10 | **tease** | present | a fox | driver | | | | about missing socks | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | | 11 | **make** | present | driver | a bed of leaves | | last | | in a hollow tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bed=Product | | 12 | **sleep** | present | driver *not said here* | | | | morning | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:055-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII,…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/55-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel/2/) - next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII,…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/55-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/55-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel/)