--- title: The Rat begs them to stay just this year; one swallow tells how she… — The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Way… · tree and pragmatics description: The Rat begs them to stay just this year; one swallow tells how she once tried staying, and the long sunless nights and the cold with «not an insect in an acre of it» nearly finished her, until she flew south through snowy mountain passes to the hot sun. Who acts: Rat, one swallow, swallow, long sun --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/) / 1 # The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South), sentence 1 The Rat begs them to stay just this year; one swallow tells how she once tried staying, and the long sunless nights and the cold with «not an insect in an acre of it» nearly finished her, until she flew south through snowy mountain passes to the hot sun. **Who acts:** Rat, one swallow, swallow, long sunless nights · **What happens:** beg, stay, tell, try, finish, fly · **To what, where:** them, swallow, snowy mountain passes · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, part 2: Wayfarers All (the swallows and the call of the South)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rat, one swallow, swallow, long sunless nights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:057-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows.lesson:1 # text = The Rat begs them to stay just this year; one swallow tells how she once tried staying, and the long sunless nights and the cold with «not an insect in an acre of it» nearly finished her, until she flew south through snowy mountain passes to the hot sun. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 057-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Rat Rat PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 begs beg VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 7 just just ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 8 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _ 9 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl:unmarked _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 swallow swallow NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 14 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 17 advmod _ _ 15 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 17 advmod _ _ 17 tried try VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 ccomp _ _ 18 staying stay VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 17 xcomp _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 22 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 23 sunless sunless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 nights night NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:conj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 28 with with ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 29 « « PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 32 advmod _ _ 31 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 insect insect NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 acre acre NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod _ _ 38 » » PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ 39 nearly nearly ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 finished finish VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 41 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 until until SCONJ IN _ 45 mark _ _ 44 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 flew fly VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 advcl _ _ 46 south south ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 47 through through ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 snowy snowy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 50 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=49:amod 49 mountain mountain NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 compound _ _ 50 passes pass NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obl _ _ 51 to to ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 53 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 amod _ _ 54 sun. sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **beg** *speech: request* | present | the Rat | | them *= they* | | | | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | | 2 | **stay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Rat *not said here* | | | | year | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | one swallow | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **try** | past | swallow | | | | | once *property* | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **stay** *not said to happen* | gerund | swallow *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **finish** | past | the long sunless nights and the cold | swallow | | | | nearly *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality she=Eventuality | | 7 | **fly** | past | swallow | snowy mountain passes | | | | to the hot sun. *result*; south *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to sun=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:057-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p…, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/56-willows-ch9-part1-change-in-the-air/23/) - next →: [The Wind in the Willows, chapter IX, p…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/57-willows-ch9-part2-the-swallows/)