--- title: Whales are mammals, not fish: they breathe air through a blowhole an… — Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Wh… · tree and pragmatics description: Whales are mammals, not fish: they breathe air through a blowhole and feed their babies on milk. Who acts: Whales, mammals. A sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat» of the books course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/) / 22 # Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat, sentence 22 Whales are mammals, not fish: they breathe air through a blowhole and feed their babies on milk. **Who acts:** Whales, mammals · **What happens:** be, breathe, feed · **To what, where:** mammals, air, blowhole, babies, milk This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1: How the Whale got his Throat» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Whales, mammals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:074-justso-whale-throat.lesson:22 # text = Whales are mammals, not fish: they breathe air through a blowhole and feed their babies on milk. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 074-justso-whale-throat.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 parataxis _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 7 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 through through ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 blowhole blowhole NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 feed feed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 16 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 20 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Whales | mammals and fish | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **breathe** | present | mammals *= mammal* | air | | a blowhole | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | | 3 | **feed** | present | mammals *= mammal* *not said here* | mammals's babies | | milk | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:074-justso-whale-throat.lesson:22`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1:…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/21/) - next →: [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 1:…, 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/23/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/74-justso-whale-throat/)