--- title: Real biology: leopards hunt mostly at night by creeping close and po… — Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Le… · tree and pragmatics description: Real biology: leopards hunt mostly at night by creeping close and pouncing, and often drag their prey up a tree; scientists still argue why zebras have stripes, and a strong idea is that stripes keep biting flies from landing. Who acts: leopards, scientists, zebras, stripes. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/78-justso-leopard-spots-2/23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/78-justso-leopard-spots-2/) / 23 # Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 2 (One, two, three, and where's your breakfast?), sentence 23 Real biology: leopards hunt mostly at night by creeping close and pouncing, and often drag their prey up a tree; scientists still argue why zebras have stripes, and a strong idea is that stripes keep biting flies from landing. **Who acts:** leopards, scientists, zebras, stripes, strong idea · **What happens:** hunt, creep, pounce, drag up, argue, have · **To what, where:** prey, stripes · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4: How the Leopard got his Spots, part 2 (One, two, three, and where's your breakfast?)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leopards, scientists, zebras, stripes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:078-justso-leopard-spots-2.lesson:23 # text = Real biology: leopards hunt mostly at night by creeping close and pouncing, and often drag their prey up a tree; scientists still argue why zebras have stripes, and a strong idea is that stripes keep biting flies from landing. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 078-justso-leopard-spots-2.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 biology biology NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 dislocated _ _ 3 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 4 leopards leopard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 by by SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 10 creeping creep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 11 close close ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 xcomp _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 pouncing pounce VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 often often ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 drag drag VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 18 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 up up ADP RP _ 17 compound:prt _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 still still ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 argue argue VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 parataxis _ _ 27 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 29 advmod _ _ 28 zebras zebra NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ _ 30 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 idea idea NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj:outer _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 37 that that SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:mark 38 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 39 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 40 biting bite VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 39 xcomp _ _ 41 flies fly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obj _ _ 42 from from ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 landing landing NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | present | leopards | | | | night | Real biology *dislocated* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **creep** | gerund | leopards *not said here* | | | | | close *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **pounce** | gerund | leopards *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **drag up** | present | leopards *not said here* | Leopard's prey | | | | often *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | scientists | | | | still | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **have** | present | zebras | stripes | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient | | 7 | **keep** | present | stripes | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **is** | present | a strong idea | | | | | bite *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:078-justso-leopard-spots-2.lesson:23`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 4:…, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/78-justso-leopard-spots-2/22/) - next →: [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5:…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/79-justso-elephants-child-1/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/78-justso-leopard-spots-2/)