--- title: Real biology: elephants smell, breathe, touch, trumpet, and spray du… — Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elepha… · tree and pragmatics description: Real biology: elephants smell, breathe, touch, trumpet, and spray dust and mud with their trunks; to drink they suck water a little way up the trunk and squirt it into their mouths, not drink through it like a straw. Who acts: elephants, dust. A sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipli --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/) / 21 # Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk), sentence 21 Real biology: elephants smell, breathe, touch, trumpet, and spray dust and mud with their trunks; to drink they suck water a little way up the trunk and squirt it into their mouths, not drink through it like a straw. **Who acts:** elephants, dust · **What happens:** smell, breathe, touch, trumpet, spray, drink · **To what, where:** dust, water, trunk, mouths This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephants, dust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson:21 # text = Real biology: elephants smell, breathe, touch, trumpet, and spray dust and mud with their trunks; to drink they suck water a little way up the trunk and squirt it into their mouths, not drink through it like a straw. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 biology biology NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 4 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 smell smell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=5:punct 7 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 touch touch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 trumpet trumpet VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=5:cc 14 spray spray VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 15 dust dust NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=15:cc 17 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 18 with with ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 trunks trunk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 drink drink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 suck suck VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 ccomp _ _ 26 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl:unmarked _ _ 30 up up ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 squirt squirt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 35 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ _ 36 into into ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 mouths mouth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 41 advmod _ _ 41 drink drink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=34:conj 42 through through ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obl _ _ 44 like like ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 45 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 straw straw NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **smell** | present | elephants | | | | | | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP.location V»: agent=Location | | 2 | **breathe** | present | elephants *not said here* | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **touch** | infinitive | elephants *not said here* | | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **trumpet** | infinitive | elephants *not said here* | | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **spray** | infinitive | elephants *not said here* | dust and mud | | | | with dust's trunks | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent dust=Destination with trunk=Theme | | 6 | **drink** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **suck** | present | dust | water | | | | a little way up the trunk *obl:unmarked* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent water=Source | | 8 | **squirt** | present | dust *not said here* | trunk | | dust's mouths | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme into mouth=Destination | | 9 | **not** **drink** | infinitive | dust *not said here* | | | trunk | | like a straw | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson:21`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5:…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/20/) - next →: [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5:…, 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/22/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/)