--- title: Real biology: elephants got trunks slowly over millions of years, as… — Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elepha… · tree and pragmatics description: Real biology: elephants got trunks slowly over millions of years, as their ancestors changed from generation to generation; no nose was ever stretched by a crocodile, and a stretched body part is not passed on to babies. Who acts: elephants, ancestors, crocodile. A sentence of the lesson «Just So St --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/) / 22 # Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk), sentence 22 Real biology: elephants got trunks slowly over millions of years, as their ancestors changed from generation to generation; no nose was ever stretched by a crocodile, and a stretched body part is not passed on to babies. **Who acts:** elephants, ancestors, crocodile · **What happens:** get, change, stretch, not pass on · **To what, where:** trunks, millions, generation, nose, stretched body part, babies This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5: The Elephant's Child, part 2 (the tug-of-war and the trunk)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephants, ancestors, crocodile), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson:22 # text = Real biology: elephants got trunks slowly over millions of years, as their ancestors changed from generation to generation; no nose was ever stretched by a crocodile, and a stretched body part is not passed on to babies. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 biology biology NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 4 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 6 trunks trunk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 8 over over ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 as as SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 ancestors ancestor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 changed change VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 17 from from ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 generation generation NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 generation generation NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 22 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 23 det _ _ 23 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 25 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 26 advmod _ _ 26 stretched stretch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl:relcl _ _ 27 by by ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 crocodile crocodile NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 33 stretched stretch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 amod _ _ 34 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 37 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ _ 38 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 39 on on ADP RP _ 38 compound:prt _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **get** | past | elephants | trunks | | millions of years | | slowly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trunk=Stimulus | | 2 | **change** | past | millions's ancestors | | | | from generation to generation | | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from generation=Initial\_State | | 3 | **stretch** | past · passive | a crocodile | no nose | | | ever | | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | | 4 | **stretch** | participle | | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **not** **pass on** | present · passive | | a stretched body part | | babies | | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to baby=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:080-justso-elephants-child-2.lesson:22`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 5:…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/21/) - next →: [Just So Stories (Rudyard Kipling), 6:…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/81-justso-old-man-kangaroo/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/80-justso-elephants-child-2/)