--- title: People painted animals in caves tens of thousands of years ago, but… — Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Writte… · tree and pragmatics description: People painted animals in caves tens of thousands of years ago, but a picture is not yet writing: it does not tell you the exact words, so it can be read in different ways, just as here. Who acts: People, picture, Cave. A sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, par --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/29/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/) / 29 # Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark, sentence 29 People painted animals in caves tens of thousands of years ago, but a picture is not yet writing: it does not tell you the exact words, so it can be read in different ways, just as here. **Who acts:** People, picture, Cave · **What happens:** paint, not write, not tell, read · **To what, where:** animals, caves, exact words, you, Cave, different ways · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, picture, Cave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:084-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear.lesson:29 # text = People painted animals in caves tens of thousands of years ago, but a picture is not yet writing: it does not tell you the exact words, so it can be read in different ways, just as here. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 084-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 painted paint VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 caves cave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 6 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl:unmarked _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:obl:unmarked 11 ago ago ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:advmod 12 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 picture picture NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 17 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 18 yet yet ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 19 writing write VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 22 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 parataxis _ _ 25 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 iobj _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 exact exact ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 so so ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 34 aux:pass _ _ 34 read read VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 ccomp _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 39 just just ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 40 as as ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 24 advmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **paint** | past | People | animals | | caves | | tens of thousands of years *obl:unmarked*; ago *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent animal=Theme in cave=Destination | | 2 | **not** **write** | present · progressive | a picture | | | | yet | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | Cave | the exact words | you | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **read** | can · passive | | Cave | | different ways | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:084-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear.lesson:29`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…, 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/28/) - next →: [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/85-justso-first-letter-2-the-whole-tribe-comes/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/)