--- title: Taffy borrows the shark's tooth from his necklace and scratches a pi… — Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Writte… · tree and pragmatics description: Taffy borrows the shark's tooth from his necklace and scratches a picture on the bark: Daddy with the broken spear, the black-handled spear, herself explaining, the Stranger-man holding the spear, two trees, a hill, the beaver-swamp with beavers' heads, the Cave, and Mummy with her hands up. Who act --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/) / 9 # Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark, sentence 9 Taffy borrows the shark's tooth from his necklace and scratches a picture on the bark: Daddy with the broken spear, the black-handled spear, herself explaining, the Stranger-man holding the spear, two trees, a hill, the beaver-swamp with beavers' heads, the Cave, and Mummy with her hands up. **Who acts:** Taffy, Daddy, Stranger man · **What happens:** borrow, scratch, break, handle, explain, hold · **To what, where:** tooth, necklace, picture, bark, Stranger man, spear This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 1: a broken spear and a picture on birch-bark» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Taffy, Daddy, Stranger man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:084-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear.lesson:9 # text = Taffy borrows the shark's tooth from his necklace and scratches a picture on the bark: Daddy with the broken spear, the black-handled spear, herself explaining, the Stranger-man holding the spear, two trees, a hill, the beaver-swamp with beavers' heads, the Cave, and Mummy with her hands up. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 084-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Taffy Taffy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 borrows borrow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 shark shark NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 's 's PART POS _ 4 case _ _ 6 tooth tooth NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 7 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 necklace necklace NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 scratches scratch VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 picture picture NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 on on ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 17 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 18 Daddy daddy NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 19 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 22 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 25 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:amod 26 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 27 handled handle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 amod _ _ 28 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 herself herself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 31 nsubj _ _ 31 explaining explain VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 34 Stranger stranger NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 35 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 34 punct _ _ 36 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 37 holding hold VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 36 acl _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 42 nummod _ _ 42 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 conj _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 hill hill NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 48 beaver beaver NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 compound _ _ 49 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 48 punct _ _ 50 swamp swamp NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 51 with with ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 52 beavers beaver NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 nmod:poss _ _ 53 ' 's PART POS _ 52 case _ _ 54 heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 50 nmod _ _ 55 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 Cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 60 Mummy Mummy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 61 with with ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 62 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 63 nmod:poss _ _ 63 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 60 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:nmod 64 up up ADV RB _ 63 advmod _ _ 65 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **borrow** | present | Taffy | the shark's tooth | | Taffy's necklace | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme from necklace=Source | | 2 | **scratch** | present | Taffy *not said here* | a picture and the handled spear | | the bark and Daddy with the broken spear | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme on bark=Destination | | 3 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **handle** | participle | | | | | | | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **explain** *speech: assert* | gerund | Daddy | the Stranger man and two trees and a hill and the beaver swamp with beavers's heads and the Cave and Mummy with Daddy's hands | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **hold** | gerund | the Stranger man and two trees and a hill and the beaver swamp with beavers's heads and the Cave and Mummy with Daddy's hands *not said here* | the spear | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:084-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/8/) - next →: [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/84-justso-first-letter-1-a-broken-spear/)