--- title: Taffy explains: there was only one spear, drawn three times to make… — Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Writte… · tree and pragmatics description: Taffy explains: there was only one spear, drawn three times to make sure; the «bad people» were her beavers; Mummy had her hands up because she would be pleased. Who acts: Taffy, one spear, bad people, Mummy. A sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 3: «a gre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/86-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/86-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention/) / 3 # Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 3: «a great invention» and the road on Merrow Down, sentence 3 Taffy explains: there was only one spear, drawn three times to make sure; the «bad people» were her beavers; Mummy had her hands up because she would be pleased. **Who acts:** Taffy, one spear, bad people, Mummy · **What happens:** explain, be, draw, make, have up · **To what, where:** one spear, beavers, hands · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the First Letter Was Written, part 3: «a great invention» and the road on Merrow Down» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Taffy, one spear, bad people, Mummy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:086-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention.lesson:3 # text = Taffy explains: there was only one spear, drawn three times to make sure; the «bad people» were her beavers; Mummy had her hands up because she would be pleased. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 086-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Taffy Taffy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 explains explain VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 4 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 5 expl _ _ 5 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 only only ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 8 spear spear NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 11 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 advcl _ _ 15 sure sure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 xcomp _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 « « PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 19 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 21 » » PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 23 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 beavers beaver NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 Mummy Mummy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 28 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 30 up up ADV RB _ 27 xcomp _ _ 31 because because SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 32 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 33 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 34 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 35 cop _ _ 35 pleased pleased ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 advcl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | Taffy | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **be** | past | one spear | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **draw** | participle | | one spear *not said here* | | | time | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | | | | | | sure *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 5 | **is a** | past | the bad people | Taffy's beavers | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **have up** | past | Mummy | Taffy's hands | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | | 7 | **is** | would | Taffy | | | | | pleased *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:086-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/86-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention/2/) - next →: [Just So Stories, How the First Letter…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/86-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/86-justso-first-letter-3-a-great-invention/)