--- title: Old Greek and Latin were often written with no spaces between words;… — Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part… · tree and pragmatics description: Old Greek and Latin were often written with no spaces between words; Irish and English monks helped make spaces normal about 1,300 years ago. Who acts: Irish monks. A sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really bega --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Books](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/) / [Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/) / 26 # Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began, sentence 26 Old Greek and Latin were often written with no spaces between words; Irish and English monks helped make spaces normal about 1,300 years ago. **Who acts:** Irish monks · **What happens:** write, help, make · **To what, where:** Old Greek, spaces This is a sentence of the lesson «Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was Made, part 3: «the Alphabet, all complete», and how letters really began» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Irish monks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:books:089-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete.lesson:26 # text = Old Greek and Latin were often written with no spaces between words; Irish and English monks helped make spaces normal about 1,300 years ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = books # lesson = 089-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 Greek Greek PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj:pass|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 Latin Latin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 5 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 6 often often ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 parataxis _ _ 8 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 10 det _ _ 10 spaces space NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 11 between between ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 Irish Irish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 conj _ _ 17 monks monk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 19 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ _ 20 spaces space NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 21 normal normal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 xcomp _ _ 22 about about ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 1,300 1,300 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:obl 25 ago ago ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **write** | past · passive | | Old Greek and Latin | | | | with no spaces between words; often *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **help** | past | Irish monks | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **make** | infinitive | Irish monks *not said here* | spaces | | | | ago, normal *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset space=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:books:089-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete.lesson:26`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was…, 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/25/) - next →: [Just So Stories, How the Alphabet Was…, 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/27/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/89-justso-alphabet-3-the-alphabet-all-complete/)