--- title: Burning means a fuel joining with oxygen from the air and giving out… — The candle and what burning is · tree and pragmatics description: Burning means a fuel joining with oxygen from the air and giving out heat and light; the wax becomes carbon dioxide and water vapour, which is why the candle gets shorter. Who acts: fuel, wax, candle. A sentence of the lesson «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [The candle and what burning is](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/) / 1 # The candle and what burning is, sentence 1 Burning means a fuel joining with oxygen from the air and giving out heat and light; the wax becomes carbon dioxide and water vapour, which is why the candle gets shorter. **Who acts:** fuel, wax, candle · **What happens:** burn, mean, join, give out, become, be · **To what, where:** fuel, air, heat, carbon dioxide This is a sentence of the lesson «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fuel, wax, candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chemistry:011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson:1 # text = Burning means a fuel joining with oxygen from the air and giving out heat and light; the wax becomes carbon dioxide and water vapour, which is why the candle gets shorter. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chemistry # lesson = 011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Burning burn VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 nsubj _ _ 2 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 fuel fuel NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 joining join VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 acl _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 giving give VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 conj _ _ 13 out out ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ _ 14 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 wax wax NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 21 carbon carbon NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 dioxide dioxide NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:obj 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 vapour vapour NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 29 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 29 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 20 conj _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 candle candle NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 gets get VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 ccomp _ _ 33 shorter short ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 32 xcomp _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **burn** | gerund | | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **mean** | present | | a fuel | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fuel=Topic | | 3 | **join** | gerund | a fuel *not said here* | | | the air | | with oxygen | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with oxygen=Co-Patient | | 4 | **give out** | gerund | a fuel *not said here* | heat and light | | | | | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent heat=Theme | | 5 | **become** | present | the wax | carbon dioxide and water vapour | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **is** | present | | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **get** | present | the candle | | | | | short *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The candle and what burning is, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/0/) - next →: [The candle and what burning is, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/)