---
title: In a candle it is the wax gas that burns, not the solid wax or the s… — The candle and what burning is · tree and pragmatics
description: In a candle it is the wax gas that burns, not the solid wax or the string; a freshly blown-out candle can relight through its smoke. Who acts: flame, wax gas, blown out candle. A sentence of the lesson «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its depende
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/5/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [The candle and what burning is](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/) / 5

# The candle and what burning is, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a candle it is the wax gas that burns, not the solid wax or the string; a freshly blown-out candle can relight through its smoke.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** flame, wax gas, blown out candle · **What happens:** be, burn, blow, relight, smoke · **To what, where:** wax gas, candle, solid wax, smoke

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flame, wax gas, blown out candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson:5
# text = In a candle it is the wax gas that burns, not the solid wax or the string; a freshly blown-out candle can relight through its smoke.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
21	freshly	freshly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	blown	blow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	_
24	out	out	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
26	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	relight	relight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
28	through	through	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | flame | the wax gas |  | a candle |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | present | the wax gas | the solid wax or the string |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **blow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | freshly *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **relight** | can | a blown out candle |  |  | flame's smoke |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **smoke** |  | flame |  |  |  |  |  | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The candle and what burning is, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/4/)
- next →: [The candle and what burning is, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/6/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/11-the-candle-and-burning/)