---
title: A jar over a candle makes the flame go out because it runs out of ox… — The candle and what burning is · tree and pragmatics
description: A jar over a candle makes the flame go out because it runs out of oxygen; a bigger jar holds more air, so the candle lasts longer. Who acts: jar, flame, bigger jar, candle. A sentence of the lesson «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency 
---

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# The candle and what burning is, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jar over a candle makes the flame go out because it runs out of oxygen; a bigger jar holds more air, so the candle lasts longer.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jar, flame, bigger jar, candle · **What happens:** make, go out, run, hold, last · **To what, where:** flame, oxygen, more air

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The candle and what burning is» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (jar, flame, bigger jar, candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson:8
# text = A jar over a candle makes the flame go out because it runs out of oxygen; a bigger jar holds more air, so the candle lasts longer.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	amod	_	_
20	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj
22	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
29	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	28	advmod	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a jar over a candle | the flame |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go out** | infinitive | the flame *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **run** | present | flame |  |  | oxygen |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out oxygen=Trajectory |
| 4 | **hold** | present | a bigger jar | more air |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 5 | **last** | present | the candle |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:011-the-candle-and-burning.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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