---
title: That is why paint, a coat of zinc or a pinch of chromium mixed into… — Rust: iron's slow fire · tree and pragmatics
description: That is why paint, a coat of zinc or a pinch of chromium mixed into the steel are used to keep air and water off. Who acts: That. A sentence of the lesson «Rust: iron's slow fire» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Rust: iron's slow fire, sentence 7

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That is why paint, a coat of zinc or a pinch of chromium mixed into the steel are used to keep air and water off.

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**Who acts:** That · **What happens:** be, mix, use, keep off, pinch · **To what, where:** pinch, paint, air, chromium

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rust: iron's slow fire» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:013-rust-irons-slow-fire.lesson:7
# text = That is why paint, a coat of zinc or a pinch of chromium mixed into the steel are used to keep air and water off.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 013-rust-irons-slow-fire.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
4	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	zinc	zinc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pinch	pinch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	chromium	chromium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:xcomp
23	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
26	off	off	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | That |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mix** | participle |  | a pinch of chromium *not said here* |  |  |  | into the steel | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient into steel=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **use** | present · passive |  | paint |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **keep off** | to-infinitive |  | air and water |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 5 | **pinch** |  |  | chromium |  |  |  |  | nom pinch «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:013-rust-irons-slow-fire.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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