---
title: Litmus paper turns red in acid and blue in alkali; its dye comes fro… — Indicators: the red-cabbage rainbow · tree and pragmatics
description: Litmus paper turns red in acid and blue in alkali; its dye comes from lichens and has been used for hundreds of years. Who acts: Litmus paper, dye. A sentence of the lesson «Indicators: the red-cabbage rainbow» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Indicators: the red-cabbage rainbow, sentence 12

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Litmus paper turns red in acid and blue in alkali; its dye comes from lichens and has been used for hundreds of years.

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**Who acts:** Litmus paper, dye · **What happens:** turn, come, use · **To what, where:** lichens

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Indicators: the red-cabbage rainbow» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Litmus paper, dye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:017-indicators-the-red-cabbage-rainbow.lesson:12
# text = Litmus paper turns red in acid and blue in alkali; its dye comes from lichens and has been used for hundreds of years.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 017-indicators-the-red-cabbage-rainbow.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Litmus	litmus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	alkali	alkali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	lichens	lichen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	aux	_	_
20	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Litmus paper |  |  |  |  | red *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | present | paper's dye |  |  | lichens |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from lichen=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **use** | present · perfect · passive | paper's dye *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for hundreds of years | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:017-indicators-the-red-cabbage-rainbow.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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