--- title: Helium atoms are so small they slip through rubber, so helium balloo… — Gases all around: breath and balloons · tree and pragmatics description: Helium atoms are so small they slip through rubber, so helium balloons shrink after a few days; foil balloons last longer because their skin has smaller gaps. Who acts: Helium atoms, atoms, helium balloons, foil balloons. A sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemis --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [Gases all around: breath and balloons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/) / 10 # Gases all around: breath and balloons, sentence 10 Helium atoms are so small they slip through rubber, so helium balloons shrink after a few days; foil balloons last longer because their skin has smaller gaps. **Who acts:** Helium atoms, atoms, helium balloons, foil balloons, skin · **What happens:** be, slip, shrink, last, have · **To what, where:** rubber, smaller gaps This is a sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helium atoms, atoms, helium balloons, foil balloons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:10 # text = Helium atoms are so small they slip through rubber, so helium balloons shrink after a few days; foil balloons last longer because their skin has smaller gaps. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chemistry # lesson = 020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Helium helium NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 atoms atom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 so so ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 slip slip VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 8 through through ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 rubber rubber NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 so so ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 12 helium helium NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 balloons balloon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 shrink shrink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ _ 15 after after ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 20 foil foil NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 balloons balloon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 last last VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ _ 23 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 22 advmod _ _ 24 because because SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 25 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 28 smaller small ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 29 amod _ _ 29 gaps gap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Helium atoms | | | | | small *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **slip** | present | atoms *= atom* | | | rubber | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **shrink** | infinitive | helium balloons | | | | day | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **last** | present | foil balloons | | | | | long *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **have** | present | atoms's skin | smaller gaps | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gap=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Gases all around: breath and balloons, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/9/) - next →: [Gases all around: breath and balloons, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/)