--- title: A hot-air balloon rises because heated air spreads out, so the same… — Gases all around: breath and balloons · tree and pragmatics description: A hot-air balloon rises because heated air spreads out, so the same space holds less air and is lighter than the cold air outside; the burner keeps the air hot. Who acts: air balloon, heated air, same space, burner. A sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [Gases all around: breath and balloons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/) / 12 # Gases all around: breath and balloons, sentence 12 A hot-air balloon rises because heated air spreads out, so the same space holds less air and is lighter than the cold air outside; the burner keeps the air hot. **Who acts:** air balloon, heated air, same space, burner · **What happens:** rise, heat, spread out, hold, be, keep · **To what, where:** less air, air This is a sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air balloon, heated air, same space, burner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:12 # text = A hot-air balloon rises because heated air spreads out, so the same space holds less air and is lighter than the cold air outside; the burner keeps the air hot. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chemistry # lesson = 020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:det 2 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:compound 5 balloon balloon NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:compound 6 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 because because SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 heated heat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 amod _ _ 9 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 11 out out ADP RP _ 10 compound:prt _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 13 so so ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 space space NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 17 holds hold VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 18 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 19 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp 19 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 22 lighter light ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 conj _ _ 23 than than ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 27 outside outside ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 burner burner NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 xcomp _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rise** | present | a air balloon | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **heat** | participle | | | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **spread out** | present | heated air | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **hold** | present | the same space | less air | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | the same space *not said here* | | | | | than the cold air; light *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **keep** | present | the burner | the air | | | | hot *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Gases all around: breath and balloons, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/11/) - next →: [Gases all around: breath and balloons, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/)