--- title: Heat them and they move faster and spread out, which is why a hot-ai… — Gases all around: breath and balloons · tree and pragmatics description: Heat them and they move faster and spread out, which is why a hot-air balloon rises; cool them and they slow down, which is why a car tyre looks softer on a frosty morning. Who acts: you, gases, air balloon, car tyre. A sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [Gases all around: breath and balloons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/) / 5 # Gases all around: breath and balloons, sentence 5 Heat them and they move faster and spread out, which is why a hot-air balloon rises; cool them and they slow down, which is why a car tyre looks softer on a frosty morning. **Who acts:** you, gases, air balloon, car tyre · **What happens:** heat, move, spread out, be, rise, cool · **To what, where:** gases This is a sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, gases, air balloon, car tyre), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:5 # text = Heat them and they move faster and spread out, which is why a hot-air balloon rises; cool them and they slow down, which is why a car tyre looks softer on a frosty morning. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chemistry # lesson = 020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Heat heat VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 obj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 4 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 5 move move VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ _ 6 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 5 advmod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 spread spread VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 9 out out ADP RP _ 8 compound:prt _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 12 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 13 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 1 conj _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:det 15 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:amod 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ _ 17 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:compound 18 balloon balloon NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:compound 19 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 ccomp _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 cool cool VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=1:conj 22 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 slow slow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 26 down down ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 30 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 30 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 13 advcl:relcl _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 tyre tyre NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 looks look VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 advcl:relcl _ _ 35 softer soft ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 34 xcomp _ _ 36 on on ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 frosty frosty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:obl 40 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **heat** | imperative | you *not said here* | gases *= gas* | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 2 | **move** | present | gases *= gas* | | | | | fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **spread out** | present | gases *= gas* *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is** | present | | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **rise** | present | a air balloon | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **cool** | infinitive | | gases *= gas* | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 7 | **slow down** | present | gases *= gas* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 8 | **is** | present | | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **look** | present | a car tyre | | | | morning | soft *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Gases all around: breath and balloons, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/4/) - next →: [Gases all around: breath and balloons, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/)