---
title: Live yoghurt contains living bacteria that are harmless or helpful;… — Milk, cheese and yoghurt · tree and pragmatics
description: Live yoghurt contains living bacteria that are harmless or helpful; a spoonful in warm milk can make more yoghurt. Who acts: Live yoghurt, living bacteria, spoonful. A sentence of the lesson «Milk, cheese and yoghurt» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Milk, cheese and yoghurt, sentence 14

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Live yoghurt contains living bacteria that are harmless or helpful; a spoonful in warm milk can make more yoghurt.

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**Who acts:** Live yoghurt, living bacteria, spoonful · **What happens:** contain, be, make · **To what, where:** living bacteria, more yoghurt

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Milk, cheese and yoghurt» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Live yoghurt, living bacteria, spoonful), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:022-milk-cheese-and-yoghurt.lesson:14
# text = Live yoghurt contains living bacteria that are harmless or helpful; a spoonful in warm milk can make more yoghurt.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 022-milk-cheese-and-yoghurt.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	yoghurt	yoghurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	helpful	helpful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	spoonful	spoonful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
19	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	amod	_	_
20	yoghurt	yoghurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Live yoghurt | living bacteria |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bacterium=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | living bacteria |  |  |  |  | harmless *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | living bacteria *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** | can | a spoonful in warm milk | more yoghurt |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset yoghurt=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:022-milk-cheese-and-yoghurt.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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