--- title: A cut apple goes brown because air reaches its chemicals and an enzy… — Browning apples, rotting and mould · tree and pragmatics description: A cut apple goes brown because air reaches its chemicals and an enzyme helps them react with oxygen; lemon juice slows this because its acid stops the enzyme working well. Who acts: air, enzyme, chemicals, lemon juice. A sentence of the lesson «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [Browning apples, rotting and mould](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/) / 8 # Browning apples, rotting and mould, sentence 8 A cut apple goes brown because air reaches its chemicals and an enzyme helps them react with oxygen; lemon juice slows this because its acid stops the enzyme working well. **Who acts:** air, enzyme, chemicals, lemon juice, acid · **What happens:** brown, reach, help, react, slow, stop · **To what, where:** chemicals, this, enzyme This is a sentence of the lesson «Browning apples, rotting and mould» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air, enzyme, chemicals, lemon juice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chemistry:023-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould.lesson:8 # text = A cut apple goes brown because air reaches its chemicals and an enzyme helps them react with oxygen; lemon juice slows this because its acid stops the enzyme working well. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chemistry # lesson = 023-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 cut cut ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 apple apple NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nsubj:pass 4 goes go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 brown brown VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 8 mark _ _ 7 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 reaches reach VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 9 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 chemicals chemical NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 enzyme enzyme NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 15 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ _ 16 react react VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 xcomp _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 lemon lemon NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 juice juice NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 slows slow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 23 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 obj _ _ 24 because because SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 25 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 acid acid NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 stops stop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 enzyme enzyme NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 working work VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 29 acl _ _ 31 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 30 advmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **brown** | present · passive | | | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V» | | 2 | **reach** | present | air | air's chemicals | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme | | 3 | **help** | present | a enzyme | chemicals *= chemical* | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 4 | **react** | infinitive | chemicals *= chemical* *not said here* | | | | | with oxygen | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with oxygen=Eventuality | | 5 | **slow** | present | lemon juice | this | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent this=Patient | | 6 | **stop** | present | air's acid | the enzyme | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality enzyme=Eventuality | | 7 | **work** | gerund | the enzyme *not said here* | | | | | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:023-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Browning apples, rotting and mould, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/6/) - next →: [Browning apples, rotting and mould, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/23-browning-apples-rotting-and-mould/)