---
title: The northern lights are made when particles from the Sun hit gases h… — Colours of fire: fireworks · tree and pragmatics
description: The northern lights are made when particles from the Sun hit gases high in our air: oxygen glows green and red, nitrogen blue and purple. Who acts: particles, oxygen. A sentence of the lesson «Colours of fire: fireworks» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Colours of fire: fireworks, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The northern lights are made when particles from the Sun hit gases high in our air: oxygen glows green and red, nitrogen blue and purple.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** particles, oxygen · **What happens:** make, hit, glow · **To what, where:** northern lights, gases, air

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Colours of fire: fireworks» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (particles, oxygen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:026-colours-of-fire-fireworks.lesson:15
# text = The northern lights are made when particles from the Sun hit gases high in our air: oxygen glows green and red, nitrogen blue and purple.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 026-colours-of-fire-fireworks.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
7	particles	particle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:det
10	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	hit	hit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
12	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	high	high	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	glows	glow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
20	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=20:cc
22	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	nitrogen	Nitrogen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	blue	Blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=25:cc
27	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the northern lights |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **hit** | present | particles from the Sun | gases |  | our air |  | high *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent gas=Theme in air=Destination |
| 3 | **glow** | present | oxygen |  |  |  |  | green *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:026-colours-of-fire-fireworks.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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