---
title: Fresh stains come out more easily than old ones, because the colour… — Dyes, inks and colouring · tree and pragmatics
description: Fresh stains come out more easily than old ones, because the colour has had less time to hold on to the fibres. Who acts: Fresh stains, colour. A sentence of the lesson «Dyes, inks and colouring» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Dyes, inks and colouring, sentence 9

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Fresh stains come out more easily than old ones, because the colour has had less time to hold on to the fibres.

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**Who acts:** Fresh stains, colour · **What happens:** come out, have, hold on

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Dyes, inks and colouring» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fresh stains, colour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:027-dyes-inks-colouring.lesson:9
# text = Fresh stains come out more easily than old ones, because the colour has had less time to hold on to the fibres.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 027-dyes-inks-colouring.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	stains	stain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:parataxis
16	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	fibres	fibre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | present | Fresh stains |  |  |  |  | easily, out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present · perfect | the colour |  |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hold on** | to-infinitive | the colour *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the fibres | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:027-dyes-inks-colouring.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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