--- title: The sky is blue because the air scatters blue light much more than r… — Leaves, fruit and colour in nature · tree and pragmatics description: The sky is blue because the air scatters blue light much more than red light; at sunset the light passes through more air, the blue is scattered away and reds remain; with no air to scatter light, as on the Moon, the daytime sky is black. Who acts: sky, air, light, reds. A sentence of the lesson «Le --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [Leaves, fruit and colour in nature](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/) / 14 # Leaves, fruit and colour in nature, sentence 14 The sky is blue because the air scatters blue light much more than red light; at sunset the light passes through more air, the blue is scattered away and reds remain; with no air to scatter light, as on the Moon, the daytime sky is black. **Who acts:** sky, air, light, reds, daytime sky · **What happens:** be, scatter, pass, scatter away, remain · **To what, where:** blue light, more air, blue, light This is a sentence of the lesson «Leaves, fruit and colour in nature» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sky, air, light, reds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chemistry:028-colour-in-nature.lesson:14 # text = The sky is blue because the air scatters blue light much more than red light; at sunset the light passes through more air, the blue is scattered away and reds remain; with no air to scatter light, as on the Moon, the daytime sky is black. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chemistry # lesson = 028-colour-in-nature.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 8 mark _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 scatters scatter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 9 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 much much ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 8 advmod _ _ 13 than than ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 at at ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 sunset sunset NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 passes pass VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 22 through through ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 amod _ _ 24 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 blue blue NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj:pass _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux:pass _ _ 29 scattered scatter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 conj _ _ 30 away away ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 reds red NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 remain remain VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 with with ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 37 det _ _ 37 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 38 to to PART TO _ 39 mark _ _ 39 scatter scatter VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 acl _ _ 40 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obj _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 42 as as ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 43 on on ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 Moon Moon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 48 daytime daytime ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 49 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 nsubj _ _ 50 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 51 cop _ _ 51 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | the sky | | | | | blue *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **scatter** | present | the air | blue light | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme | | 3 | **pass** | present | the light | | | more air | sunset | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through air=Location | | 4 | **scatter away** | present · passive | | the blue | | | | with no air; away *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with air=Theme | | 5 | **remain** | present | reds | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **scatter** | to-infinitive | | light | | | | as the Moon | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme | | 7 | **is** | present | the daytime sky | | | | | black *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:028-colour-in-nature.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Leaves, fruit and colour in nature, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/13/) - next →: [Leaves, fruit and colour in nature, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/28-colour-in-nature/)