---
title: In ball-and-stick models, balls stand for atoms and sticks for bonds… — Molecules: when atoms join up · tree and pragmatics
description: In ball-and-stick models, balls stand for atoms and sticks for bonds; carbon is usually black, oxygen red and hydrogen white, by custom only. Who acts: balls, carbon, oxygen. A sentence of the lesson «Molecules: when atoms join up» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency
---

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# Molecules: when atoms join up, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In ball-and-stick models, balls stand for atoms and sticks for bonds; carbon is usually black, oxygen red and hydrogen white, by custom only.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** balls, carbon, oxygen · **What happens:** stand, be · **To what, where:** ball

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Molecules: when atoms join up» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (balls, carbon, oxygen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:003-molecules-when-atoms-join-up.lesson:15
# text = In ball-and-stick models, balls stand for atoms and sticks for bonds; carbon is usually black, oxygen red and hydrogen white, by custom only.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 003-molecules-when-atoms-join-up.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	_
6	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:compound
7	models	model	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	atoms	atom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	bonds	bond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=24:conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
31	only	only	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | balls |  |  | ball and stick and models |  | for atoms and sticks for bonds; by custom | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in ball=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | carbon |  |  |  |  | black, usually *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | oxygen |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | carbon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:003-molecules-when-atoms-join-up.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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