--- title: Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin; it is harder than either metal… — Metals and what they're good for · tree and pragmatics description: Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin; it is harder than either metal, and the Bronze Age began over 5000 years ago. Who acts: Bronze, Bronze Age. A sentence of the lesson «Metals and what they're good for» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/31-metals-what-theyre-good-for/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [Metals and what they're good for](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/31-metals-what-theyre-good-for/) / 9 # Metals and what they're good for, sentence 9 Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin; it is harder than either metal, and the Bronze Age began over 5000 years ago. **Who acts:** Bronze, Bronze Age · **What happens:** be, begin · **To what, where:** alloy This is a sentence of the lesson «Metals and what they're good for» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bronze, Bronze Age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chemistry:031-metals-what-theyre-good-for.lesson:9 # text = Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin; it is harder than either metal, and the Bronze Age began over 5000 years ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chemistry # lesson = 031-metals-what-theyre-good-for.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Bronze bronze NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 alloy alloy NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 copper copper NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 tin tin NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 12 harder hard ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 13 than than ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 either either DET DT _ 15 det _ _ 15 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 Bronze Bronze PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=20:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 20 Age age PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 22 over over ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 23 5000 5000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:obl 25 ago ago ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:advmod 26 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Bronze | a alloy | | | | of copper and tin | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | bronze | | | | | than either metal; hard *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **begin** | past | the Bronze Age | | | | | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:031-metals-what-theyre-good-for.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Metals and what they're good for, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/31-metals-what-theyre-good-for/8/) - next →: [Metals and what they're good for, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/31-metals-what-theyre-good-for/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/31-metals-what-theyre-good-for/)