---
title: Smog is a dirty haze of smoke and car fumes that builds up in still… — The air we breathe · tree and pragmatics
description: Smog is a dirty haze of smoke and car fumes that builds up in still air; cleaner cars and fuels have made many cities' air clearer. Who acts: Smog, car fumes, cleaner cars. A sentence of the lesson «The air we breathe» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the
---

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# The air we breathe, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smog is a dirty haze of smoke and car fumes that builds up in still air; cleaner cars and fuels have made many cities' air clearer.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Smog, car fumes, cleaner cars · **What happens:** be, build up, make · **To what, where:** dirty haze, air

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The air we breathe» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smog, car fumes, cleaner cars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:033-the-air-we-breathe.lesson:12
# text = Smog is a dirty haze of smoke and car fumes that builds up in still air; cleaner cars and fuels have made many cities' air clearer.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 033-the-air-we-breathe.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Smog	smog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	haze	haze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=7:cc
9	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	fumes	fume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	builds	build	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	still	still	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	cleaner	cleaner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	fuels	fuel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj
24	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	'	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
28	clearer	clearer	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	xcomp	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Smog | a dirty haze |  |  |  | of smoke and car fumes | tree rules |
| 2 | **build up** | present | car fumes |  |  | air |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | present · perfect | cleaner cars and fuels | many cities's air |  |  |  | clearer *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material air=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:033-the-air-we-breathe.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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