--- title: Helium atoms slip slowly through rubber, so a helium balloon shrinks… — Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: Helium atoms slip slowly through rubber, so a helium balloon shrinks in a few days; cold air in a tyre shrinks too, so tyre pressure drops on frosty mornings. Who acts: Helium atoms, helium balloon, cold air, tyre pressure. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / [Olympiad: everyday chemistry detective…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives/) / 18 # Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★, sentence 18 Helium atoms slip slowly through rubber, so a helium balloon shrinks in a few days; cold air in a tyre shrinks too, so tyre pressure drops on frosty mornings. **Who acts:** Helium atoms, helium balloon, cold air, tyre pressure · **What happens:** slip, shrink, drop · **To what, where:** rubber This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: everyday chemistry detectives ★★★» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helium atoms, helium balloon, cold air, tyre pressure), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chemistry:037-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives.lesson:18 # text = Helium atoms slip slowly through rubber, so a helium balloon shrinks in a few days; cold air in a tyre shrinks too, so tyre pressure drops on frosty mornings. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chemistry # lesson = 037-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Helium helium NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 atoms atom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 slip slip VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 through through ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 rubber rubber NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 8 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:det 10 helium helium NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:compound 11 balloon balloon NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:compound 12 shrinks shrink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 18 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 tyre tyre NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 shrinks shrink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=12:conj 24 too too ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 27 tyre tyre NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 pressure pressure NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 drops drop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 30 on on ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 frosty frosty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 mornings morning NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **slip** | present | Helium atoms | | | rubber | | slowly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 2 | **shrink** | present | a helium balloon | | | | day | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **shrink** | present | cold air in a tyre | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **drop** | present | tyre pressure | | | | morning | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:037-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: everyday chemistry detective…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives/17/) - next →: [Olympiad: everyday chemistry detective…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/37-olympiad-everyday-chemistry-detectives/)