---
title: A flame is glowing hot gas; its yellow light comes from tiny specks… — Solids, liquids and gases · tree and pragmatics
description: A flame is glowing hot gas; its yellow light comes from tiny specks of hot soot. Who acts: flame, yellow light. A sentence of the lesson «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Solids, liquids and gases, sentence 16

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A flame is glowing hot gas; its yellow light comes from tiny specks of hot soot.

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**Who acts:** flame, yellow light · **What happens:** glow, come, light · **To what, where:** hot gas, tiny specks

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flame, yellow light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson:16
# text = A flame is glowing hot gas; its yellow light comes from tiny specks of hot soot.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	specks	speck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	soot	soot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | present · progressive | a flame | hot gas |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gas=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | present | flame's yellow light |  |  | tiny specks of hot soot |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from speck=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **light** |  | flame |  |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Solids, liquids and gases, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/4-solids-liquids-and-gases/15/)
- next →: [Solids, liquids and gases, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/4-solids-liquids-and-gases/17/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/4-solids-liquids-and-gases/)