---
title: Lightning and glowing signs contain plasma, a fourth state: gas so h… — Solids, liquids and gases · tree and pragmatics
description: Lightning and glowing signs contain plasma, a fourth state: gas so hot or charged that its atoms lose electrons. Who acts: Lightning, atoms. A sentence of the lesson «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Solids, liquids and gases, sentence 17

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Lightning and glowing signs contain plasma, a fourth state: gas so hot or charged that its atoms lose electrons.

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**Who acts:** Lightning, atoms · **What happens:** contain, charge, lose · **To what, where:** plasma, electrons

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lightning, atoms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson:17
# text = Lightning and glowing signs contain plasma, a fourth state: gas so hot or charged that its atoms lose electrons.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	glowing	glow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:amod
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	contain	contain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	plasma	plasma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:parataxis
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	charged	charge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:conj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	atoms	atom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
21	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Lightning and signs | plasma |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot plasma=Theme |
| 2 | **charge** | participle | Lightning and signs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | present | plasma's atoms | electrons |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electron=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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