---
title: In a gas like the air in a balloon the particles fly about far apart… — Solids, liquids and gases · tree and pragmatics
description: In a gas like the air in a balloon the particles fly about far apart, so a gas fills any space and can be squashed. Who acts: particles, gas. A sentence of the lesson «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Solids, liquids and gases, sentence 3

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In a gas like the air in a balloon the particles fly about far apart, so a gas fills any space and can be squashed.

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**Who acts:** particles, gas · **What happens:** fly, fill, squash · **To what, where:** gas, space

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Solids, liquids and gases» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (particles, gas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson:3
# text = In a gas like the air in a balloon the particles fly about far apart, so a gas fills any space and can be squashed.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	particles	particle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	about	about	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod
15	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	fills	fill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
21	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	det	_	_
22	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	squashed	squash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | the particles |  |  | a gas like the air in a balloon |  | apart *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in gas=Location |
| 2 | **fill** | present | a gas | any space |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent space=Patient |
| 3 | **squash** | can · passive | a gas *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:004-solids-liquids-and-gases.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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