--- title: Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing», a lesson of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Water can be ice, liquid water or invisible water vapour, and it moves between these states when it is heated or cooled. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/) / Melting, freezing, boiling and condens… # Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing Lesson 5 of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school: 17 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/0/) — Water can be ice, liquid water or invisible water vapour, and it moves between these states when it is heated or cooled. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/1/) — Heat makes particles shake harder until they break free: ice melts, and water evaporates or boils; cooling slows them so they stick together again. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/2/) — On a hot day an ice lolly drips because the warm air gives the ice heat; a cold can "sweats" because water vapour from the air turns back into drops on the cold metal. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/3/) — The words are melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid), evaporating or boiling (liquid to gas) and condensing (gas to liquid). - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/4/) — Water is strange: it grows bigger when it freezes, which is why ice floats and a full bottle cracks in the freezer. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/5/) — Ice melts at 0 °C; chocolate melts at about 34 °C, just below the temperature inside your mouth. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/6/) — Evaporation happens at the surface of a liquid at any temperature, when the fastest particles escape as vapour. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/7/) — Puddles dry faster on sunny, windy days: the sun gives energy and the wind carries the vapour away. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/8/) — Condensation is water vapour turning back into liquid on a cold surface, which is why a cold can looks wet outside. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/9/) — You see your breath on a frosty morning because the warm vapour in it condenses into tiny droplets in the cold air. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/10/) — At sea level water boils at 100 °C; high on a mountain it boils at a lower temperature, so pasta takes longer to cook. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/11/) — The big bubbles at the bottom of a pan of boiling water are pockets of water that has turned into gas. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/13/) — Frost forms when water vapour turns straight into ice on a surface below freezing. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/14/) — Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide that turns straight into gas; it must never be touched with bare hands, because it burns with cold. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/15/) — Salt makes ice melt below 0 °C, because salty water freezes at a lower temperature; it stops working well in very hard frost. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/16/) — Water evaporating from your skin takes heat away, which is why sweat cools you and wet hair feels cold. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/17/) — Ice and salt together get much colder than ice alone, cold enough to freeze ice cream in a bag. - ← previous: [Solids, liquids and gases](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/4-solids-liquids-and-gases/) - next →: [Mixing and dissolving](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/6-mixing-and-dissolving/) - ↑ back to [Chemistry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/)