---
title: Frost forms when water vapour turns straight into ice on a surface b… — Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing · tree and pragmatics
description: Frost forms when water vapour turns straight into ice on a surface below freezing. Who acts: Frost, water vapour. A sentence of the lesson «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing, sentence 13

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Frost forms when water vapour turns straight into ice on a surface below freezing.

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**Who acts:** Frost, water vapour · **What happens:** form, turn · **To what, where:** ice

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frost, water vapour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chemistry:005-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing.lesson:13
# text = Frost forms when water vapour turns straight into ice on a surface below freezing.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chemistry
# lesson = 005-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	below	below	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | Frost |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | present | water vapour |  |  | ice |  | on a surface below freezing | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into ice=Source on surface=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chemistry:005-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Melting, freezing, boiling and condens…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/11/)
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