---
title: Your friend Ming speaks Mandarin at home, and you pick it up the way… — Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate · tree and pragmatics
description: Your friend Ming speaks Mandarin at home, and you pick it up the way he did as a toddler: by ear, never from a book. Who acts: friend, you, Mandarin. A sentence of the lesson «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tr
---

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# Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your friend Ming speaks Mandarin at home, and you pick it up the way he did as a toddler: by ear, never from a book.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** friend, you, Mandarin · **What happens:** speak, pick up, do · **To what, where:** Mandarin, home, friend, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, you, Mandarin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:0
# text = Your friend Ming speaks Mandarin at home, and you pick it up the way he did as a toddler: by ear, never from a book.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chinese-street
# lesson = 001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Ming	Ming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	pick	pick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	toddler	toddler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Your friend | Mandarin |  | home |  | by ear and a book | tree rules |
| 2 | **pick up** | present | you | friend |  |  |  | the way *obl* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | past | Mandarin | the way *not said here* |  |  |  | as a toddler | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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