--- title: chī le ma? («CHR luh mah», the ch with the tongue curled back) means… — Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate · tree and pragmatics description: chī le ma? («CHR luh mah», the ch with the tongue curled back) means «have you eaten?»; grandparents and neighbours use it as a greeting, and the polite answer is chī le, nǐ ne? (I have, and you?); answer «no» and a granny may well start cooking for you. Who acts: chī le ma, you, grandparents, polit --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chinese street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/) / [Hello and goodbye: the first words at…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/) / 17 # Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate, sentence 17 chī le ma? («CHR luh mah», the ch with the tongue curled back) means «have you eaten?»; grandparents and neighbours use it as a greeting, and the polite answer is chī le, nǐ ne? (I have, and you?); answer «no» and a granny may well start cooking for you. **Who acts:** chī le ma, you, grandparents, polite answer, I, granny · **What happens:** curl back, mean, eat, use, be, have · **To what, where:** tongue, ma, chī le, no · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chī le ma, you, grandparents, polite answer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:17 # text = chī le ma? («CHR luh mah», the ch with the tongue curled back) means «have you eaten?»; grandparents and neighbours use it as a greeting, and the polite answer is chī le, nǐ ne? (I have, and you?); answer «no» and a granny may well start cooking for you. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chinese-street # lesson = 001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 chī chī PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 2 le le NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 ma ma NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 4 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 5 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 7 punct _ _ 6 « « PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 7 CHR CHR PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 8 luh luh INTJ UH _ 7 discourse _ _ 9 mah mah INTJ UH _ 8 discourse _ _ 10 » » PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 ch ch NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 appos _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 17 curled curl VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 acl _ _ 18 back back ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 20 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 21 « « PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 22 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 20 ccomp _ _ 25 ? ? PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ _ 26 » » PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 grandparents grandparent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 neighbours neighbour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 31 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:ccomp 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 as as ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 greeting greeting NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 polite polite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 answer answer NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 41 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 42 chī chī ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 le le NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 parataxis _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 nǐ nǐ ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 ne ne NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ _ 47 ? ? PUNCT . _ 43 punct _ _ 48 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 50 punct _ _ 49 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 50 nsubj _ _ 50 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 parataxis _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 53 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 50 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:ccomp 54 ? ? PUNCT . _ 53 punct _ _ 55 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 50 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=53:punct 56 ; ; PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 57 answer answer VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 conj _ _ 58 « « PUNCT `` _ 59 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=57:punct 59 no no NOUN NN _ 57 obj _ _ 60 » » PUNCT '' _ 59 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=57:punct 61 and and CCONJ CC _ 66 cc _ _ 62 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 granny granny NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 nsubj _ _ 64 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 66 aux _ _ 65 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 66 advmod _ _ 66 start start VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 57 conj _ _ 67 cooking cook VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 66 xcomp _ _ 68 for for ADP IN _ 69 case _ _ 69 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 67 obl _ _ 70 . . PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **curl back** | participle | | the tongue *not said here* | | | | | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **mean** | present | chī le ma CHR | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **use** | present | grandparents and neighbours | ma | | | | as a greeting | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Duration as greeting=Attribute | | 5 | **is a** | present | the polite answer | chī le and nǐ ne | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **have** | present | I | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **answer** *speech: assert* | infinitive | chī le ma CHR *not said here* | no | | | | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent no=Eventuality | | 8 | **start** | may | a granny | | | | | well *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 9 | **cook** | gerund | a granny *not said here* | | | | | for you | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for you=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Hello and goodbye: the first words at…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/15/) - next →: [Hello and goodbye: the first words at…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/)