--- title: Just as you say «hiya» to a mate but «good morning» to the head teac… — Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate · tree and pragmatics description: Just as you say «hiya» to a mate but «good morning» to the head teacher, Mandarin has a cheeky hāi for kids, a polite nín hǎo for Ming's granny, and a quick zǎo! for the morning. Who acts: you, Mandarin. A sentence of the lesson «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the chinese street --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Chinese street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/) / [Hello and goodbye: the first words at…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/) / 4 # Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate, sentence 4 Just as you say «hiya» to a mate but «good morning» to the head teacher, Mandarin has a cheeky hāi for kids, a polite nín hǎo for Ming's granny, and a quick zǎo! for the morning. **Who acts:** you, Mandarin · **What happens:** say, have · **To what, where:** hiya, mate, cheeky hāi · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Hello and goodbye: the first words at the gate» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Mandarin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:4 # text = Just as you say «hiya» to a mate but «good morning» to the head teacher, Mandarin has a cheeky hāi for kids, a polite nín hǎo for Ming's granny, and a quick zǎo! for the morning. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = chinese-street # lesson = 001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Just just ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 2 as as SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 3 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 5 « « PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ _ 6 hiya hiya NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 » » PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 mate mate NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 « « PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ _ 13 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 15 » » PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:conj 20 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 21 Mandarin Mandarin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 cheeky cheeky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 hāi hāi NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 26 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 kids kid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 30 polite polite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 31 nín nín NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 hǎo hǎo NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 33 for for ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 Ming Ming PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod:poss _ _ 35 's 's PART POS _ 34 case _ _ 36 granny granny NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 quick quick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 zǎo zǎo NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 42 ! ! PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ _ 43 for for ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 22 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you | hiya but good morning to the head teacher | a mate | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hiya=Topic to mate=Recipient | | 2 | **have** | present | Mandarin | a cheeky hāi and a polite nín hǎo for Ming's granny and a quick zǎo | | | morning | for kids | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hāi=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:001-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Hello and goodbye: the first words at…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/2/) - next →: [Hello and goodbye: the first words at…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chinese-street/1-hello-and-goodbye-at-the-gate/)