---
title: The little word "le" at the end means "it has happened now": wǒ è le… — Hungry, tired, shy, excited · tree and pragmatics
description: The little word "le" at the end means "it has happened now": wǒ è le, wǒ kě le, wǒ lèi le, wǒ kùn le — hungry, thirsty, worn out, sleepy. Who acts: little word, it. A sentence of the lesson «Hungry, tired, shy, excited» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree a
---

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# Hungry, tired, shy, excited, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little word "le" at the end means "it has happened now": wǒ è le, wǒ kě le, wǒ lèi le, wǒ kùn le — hungry, thirsty, worn out, sleepy.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** little word, it · **What happens:** mean, happen, wear out · **To what, where:** wǒ · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Hungry, tired, shy, excited» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little word, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chinese-street:017-hungry-tired-shy-excited.lesson:1
# text = The little word "le" at the end means "it has happened now": wǒ è le, wǒ kě le, wǒ lèi le, wǒ kùn le — hungry, thirsty, worn out, sleepy.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chinese-street
# lesson = 017-hungry-tired-shy-excited.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	_
5	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	wǒ	wǒ	X	FW	_	10	obj	_	_
19	è	è	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
20	le	le	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	wǒ	wǒ	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
23	kě	kě	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
24	le	le	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	wǒ	wǒ	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
27	lèi	lèi	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
28	le	le	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	wǒ	wǒ	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
31	kùn	kùn	X	FW	_	18	flat	_	_
32	le	le	X	FW	_	18	conj	_	_
33	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct
36	thirsty	thirsty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
38	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	conj	_	_
39	out	out	ADP	RP	_	38	compound:prt	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	conj	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the little word at the end | wǒ |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** *in a quote* | present · perfect | it |  |  |  | now |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **wear out** | participle | the little word at the end *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:017-hungry-tired-shy-excited.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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