---
title: Animal names are full of surprises: xióngmāo, panda, is "bear-cat";… — Animals and "what animal are you?" · tree and pragmatics
description: Animal names are full of surprises: xióngmāo, panda, is "bear-cat"; lǎohǔ, tiger, and lǎoshǔ, mouse, both start with lǎo, "old", but nothing about them is old. Who acts: Animal names, xióngmāo, lǎohǔ, nothing. A sentence of the lesson «Animals and "what animal are you?"» of the chinese street course
---

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# Animals and "what animal are you?", sentence 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animal names are full of surprises: xióngmāo, panda, is "bear-cat"; lǎohǔ, tiger, and lǎoshǔ, mouse, both start with lǎo, "old", but nothing about them is old.

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**Who acts:** Animal names, xióngmāo, lǎohǔ, nothing · **What happens:** be, start · **To what, where:** bear cat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals and "what animal are you?"» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animal names, xióngmāo, lǎohǔ, nothing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chinese-street:019-animals-and-your-zodiac-animal.lesson:2
# text = Animal names are full of surprises: xióngmāo, panda, is "bear-cat"; lǎohǔ, tiger, and lǎoshǔ, mouse, both start with lǎo, "old", but nothing about them is old.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chinese-street
# lesson = 019-animals-and-your-zodiac-animal.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	surprises	surprise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	xióngmāo	xióngmāo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	panda	panda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	_
14	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	_
16	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
19	lǎohǔ	lǎohǔ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	tiger	Tiger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:unmarked	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	lǎoshǔ	lǎoshǔ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:appos
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	29	nsubj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:det
29	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	lǎo	lǎo	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	29	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	_
34	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	appos	_	_
35	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=38:punct
37	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
38	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	42	nsubj	_	_
39	about	about	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nmod	_	_
41	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
42	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Animal names |  |  |  |  | of surprises; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | xióngmāo and panda | bear cat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **start** | present | lǎohǔ  tiger and lǎoshǔ and mouse |  |  |  |  | with lǎo | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with lǎo=Subeventuality |
| 4 | **is** | present | nothing |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:019-animals-and-your-zodiac-animal.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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