---
title: shí (rising) is ten, shǐ (dipping) is poo, and shì (falling) is «is»… — The four tones: same sound, different meaning · tree and pragmatics
description: shí (rising) is ten, shǐ (dipping) is poo, and shì (falling) is «is» or «yes». Who acts: shí. A sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The four tones: same sound, different meaning, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
shí (rising) is ten, shǐ (dipping) is poo, and shì (falling) is «is» or «yes».

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shí · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** ten, shǐ poo

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The four tones: same sound, different meaning» of the chinese street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shí), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:16
# text = shí (rising) is ten, shǐ (dipping) is poo, and shì (falling) is «is» or «yes».
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = chinese-street
# lesson = 002-the-four-tones.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2
1	shí	shí	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
3	rising	rising	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	conj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct
8	shǐ	shǐ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
10	dipping	dipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	poo	poo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	shì	shì	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
18	falling	falling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=24:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_
26	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	13	conj	_	_
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=26:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | shí *not said here* | ten |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | shí | shǐ poo and shì |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:chinese-street:002-the-four-tones.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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